The Critical Role of Polyphenols in Immunomodulation and Periodontal Regeneration

Periodontitis, the main cause of tooth loss in adults, is a widespread oral disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily triggered by periodontopathic bacterial infection. Polyphenols are a class of compounds extracted from herbs and diets, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit per molecule. Emerging evidence has revealed that polyphenols show significant effectiveness in ameliorating tissue destruction in periodontitis. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature studying the critical role of polyphenols in periodontitis and summarize the predominant molecular mechanisms in immunomodulation and periodontal regeneration, aiming to provide a better understanding of their therapeutic potential in periodontitis.