PDC Bit Wear Condition Judgment Based on Object Detection and Computer Vision

ABSTRACT In recent years, due to the remarkable advantage of increasing speed and reducing cost, PDC bits has occupied a dominant position in the drilling bits market, becoming the important drilling tools in the petroleum markets. In the drilling process, the bit will wear itself when breaking formation. The abrasion condition of the bit can be divided into two kinds: one is the normal wear, the cutter and rock produce continuous or intermittent friction to break the rock. The process of the friction between the cutter and the rock produces micro-cutting, scratching, rubbing and so on to make the bit wear and blunt. The other kind of wear is abnormal wear, such as tooth collapse, chip drop, polycrystalline diamond layer falls off. The drilling period and drilling costs are affected by the abrasion of the drilling bits, which can lead to reduce the rock breaking efficiency and slower ROP. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the bit in time to ensure the rate of penetration. So, accurate determination of the PDC bit abrasion is very important to achieve safe and efficient drilling. At present the evaluation of bit condition mainly relies on manual and experience to carry out the wear rating of the drilling bit, which is subjective. To evaluate the state of drill bit more accurately, this experiment uses the computer vision and object detection algorithm to judge the condition of drill bit through the image of the bit. BACKGROUND Nowadays, roller cone bits and PDC bits are the most commonly used bits in the field of oil drilling. With the continuous improvement of PDC bit cutter technology, PDC bit has become an important tool in petroleum market. Compared with traditional roller cone bits, PDC bits offer significant advantages in cost, rate of penetration and footage per bit when drilling, especially in deep and high-pressure wells.[1] Although PDC bits has high wear resistance, it is inevitable that the PDC bits being worn out. If the bit abrasion reaches a certain degree, the drilling efficiency of the bit will be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to judge the wear condition of drilling bit accurately and efficiently to realize the safe and efficient drilling.[2]