Confounding adjustment with propensity scores for overlap weighting in observational studies: a concise primer

Introduction Overlap weighting has emerged as a valuable method for addressing confounding in observational studies, particularly in real-world data settings characterized by imbalanced covariates and limited overlap between treatment groups. Its ability to produce stable, interpretable estimates makes it an attractive alternative to inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), which can suffer from extreme weights and instability.