The polymerization filling method is used to obtain nanocomposites based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and graphene at with an ultralow content of 0.0065–0.019 vol %. The melting points and degrees of crystallinity of the obtained composites are close to the corresponding characteristics of unfilled UHMWPE. The strain-strength properties under the tension of the samples of the obtained composites are studied depending on the content of graphene. It is shown that the tensile strength of the composites increases significantly with an increase in the graphene content to 0.012 vol % compared to unfilled UHMWPE with a subsequent decrease. The relative elongation changes in a similar way.