A Multi-Objective Optimization Method of Sustainable Wind–Photovoltaic–Hydro Systems Considering Source–Grid Coordination

Hydropower compensating for wind and solar power is an efficient approach to overcoming challenges in the integration of sustainable energy. Our study proposes a multi-objective scheduling model for the complementary operation of wind–photovoltaic–hydro systems. The model aims to maximize the total generation while minimizing the mean square deviation of the system output and grid load. Taking wind and solar bases and key peak-shaving cascade hydropower stations in Hubei Province as a case study, various multi-objective Pareto solution sets were obtained for different scheduling periods. The analysis dissects the relationship between total generation and the stability of residual load after adjustment by the wind–photovoltaic–hydro systems. Furthermore, the study analyzes the role that a complementary system should play in the power grid and discusses the effect of cascade hydropower scheduling methods on the operational characteristics of multi-energy complementary systems.