Linezolid Related Adverse Effects in Different Populations: A Review

Abstract: Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, is used to treat gram-positive infections. However, it may also lead to serious adverse effects, including bone marrow suppression, optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, hyponatremia, and lactic acidosis. This review evaluates the existing evidence concerning the adverse effects of linezolid in patients undergoing treatment with this medication, both in the short and long term. The objective of this review is to summarize the most significant adverse effects associated with linezolid. A search of PubMed was conducted for articles related to linezolid and its potential adverse effects, which include thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, lactic acidosis, optic neuropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. Thrombocytopenia frequently develops within the first two weeks of therapy, whereas anemia is more likely to manifest during prolonged treatment courses. Risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia include elevated trough concentrations (>8 mg/L), renal impairment, low body weight, and severe liver dysfunction. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and bone infections are at an increased risk for anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. Additionally, lactic acidosis and hyponatremia can occur at any stage during treatment.