Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of NH4V4O10 in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries via PVP Intercalation and Oxygen Vacancy Engineering

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-modified NH4V4O10 demonstrates superior electrochemical performance (432.3 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1; 91.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1) attributed to thermally-induced interlayer expansion and oxygen vacancy formation.