Reversible two-electron redox conversion enabled by an activated electrode and stabilized inter-halogen electrolyte for high performance zinc–iodine flow batteries

A zinc–iodine flow battery with a two-electron transfer behavior is proposed by utilizing a tailored chloride cathode and modified electrode, which exhibits a high capacity of 110.56 Ah L −1 at 100 mA cm −2 and a high energy density of 132.25 W h L −1 .