液体活检
微泡
外体
癌症
医学
细胞外小泡
癌症研究
癌症生物标志物
胞外囊泡
肿瘤科
生物标志物
计算生物学
化学
小RNA
内科学
癌细胞
前列腺癌
生物
生物化学
基因
作者
Yu-Shui Ma,Xiao-li Yang,Rui Xin,Ji-Bin Liu,Fei Yu
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188497
摘要
Exosomes, microvesicles derived from the nuclear endosome and plasma membrane, can be released into the extracellular environment to act as mediators between the cell membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or RNA. Exosomes are considered effective carriers of intercellular signals in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, because of their ability to efficiently transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cellular compartments. Since the 2007 discovery that exosomes carry bioactive substances, exosomes have been intensively researched. In various physiological and pathological processes, exosomes play important biological roles by specifically combining with receptor cells and transmitting information. Their stable biological characteristics, diversity of contents, non-invasiveness path for introducing signaling molecules, and ability for rapid detection make exosomes a promising clinical diagnostic marker for potentially many pathological conditions, including cancers. Exosomes are not only considered biomarkers and prognostic disease factors, but also have potential as gene carriers and drug delivery vectors, and have important clinical significance and application potential in the fields of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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