Monolithic Graphene–Graphite Integrated Electronics

This article reviews the recent developments in graphene synthesis and applications with a focus on the controlled synthesis and applications of monolithic graphene–graphite. We extend the discussions to potential future directions in monolithic graphene–graphite-based flexible and conformal bioelectronics. We expect that numerous opportunities and novel uses of monolithic graphene–graphite nanostructures will present themselves in the areas of nanoelectromechanical devices as well as biointegrated systems in the near future.