It was shown that the mechanism of the joint liquid-phase oxidation of sulfides and aldehydes by air oxygen radically differs from that of the joint oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes. In the former case, the mechanism involves oxygen atom transfer to a sulfide by hydroperoxide or peroxide radicals produced upon aldehyde oxidation, yielding sulfoxide (or sulfone); in the latter case, an alcohol gives semiacetal in the reaction with aldehyde and the oxidation of the semiacetal results in ester formation.