耗散系统
磁场
纳米技术
磁流体
简单(哲学)
过程(计算)
计算机科学
材料科学
物理
量子力学
认识论
操作系统
哲学
作者
Jaakko V. I. Timonen,Mika Latikka,Ludwik Leibler,Robin H. A. Ras,Olli Ikkala
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2013-07-19
卷期号:341 (6143): 253-257
被引量:394
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.1233775
摘要
Self-assembly is a process in which interacting bodies are autonomously driven into ordered structures. Static structures such as crystals often form through simple energy minimization, whereas dynamic ones require continuous energy input to grow and sustain. Dynamic systems are ubiquitous in nature and biology but have proven challenging to understand and engineer. Here, we bridge the gap from static to dynamic self-assembly by introducing a model system based on ferrofluid droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The droplets self-assemble under a static external magnetic field into simple patterns that can be switched to complicated dynamic dissipative structures by applying a time-varying magnetic field. The transition between the static and dynamic patterns involves kinetic trapping and shows complexity that can be directly visualized.
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