免疫系统
结肠炎
模式识别受体
炎症
免疫学
生物
受体
肠道菌群
双歧杆菌
免疫
微生物群
微生物学
细菌
乳酸菌
生物化学
生物信息学
遗传学
作者
Kendle M. Maslowski,Angélica T. Vieira,Aylwin Ng,Jan Kranich,Frédéric Sierro,Di Yu,Heidi Schilter,Michael S. Rolph,Fabienne Mackay,David Artis,Ramnik J. Xavier,Mauro Martins Teixeira,Charles Mackay
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2009-10-01
卷期号:461 (7268): 1282-1286
被引量:2544
摘要
The immune system responds to pathogens by a variety of pattern recognition molecules such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which promote recognition of dangerous foreign pathogens. However, recent evidence indicates that normal intestinal microbiota might also positively influence immune responses, and protect against the development of inflammatory diseases. One of these elements may be short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by fermentation of dietary fibre by intestinal microbiota. A feature of human ulcerative colitis and other colitic diseases is a change in 'healthy' microbiota such as Bifidobacterium and Bacteriodes, and a concurrent reduction in SCFAs. Moreover, increased intake of fermentable dietary fibre, or SCFAs, seems to be clinically beneficial in the treatment of colitis. SCFAs bind the G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43, also known as FFAR2), and here we show that SCFA-GPR43 interactions profoundly affect inflammatory responses. Stimulation of GPR43 by SCFAs was necessary for the normal resolution of certain inflammatory responses, because GPR43-deficient (Gpr43(-/-)) mice showed exacerbated or unresolving inflammation in models of colitis, arthritis and asthma. This seemed to relate to increased production of inflammatory mediators by Gpr43(-/-) immune cells, and increased immune cell recruitment. Germ-free mice, which are devoid of bacteria and express little or no SCFAs, showed a similar dysregulation of certain inflammatory responses. GPR43 binding of SCFAs potentially provides a molecular link between diet, gastrointestinal bacterial metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses.
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