VO2 Nanostructures for Batteries and Supercapacitors: A Review

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂ ) received tremendous interest lately due to its unique structural, electronic, and optoelectronic properties. VO₂ has been extensively used in electrochromic displays and memristors and its VO₂ (B) polymorph is extensively utilized as electrode material in energy storage applications. More studies are focused on VO₂ (B) nanostructures which displayed different energy storage behavior than the bulk VO₂ . The present review provides a systematic overview of the progress in VO₂ nanostructures syntheses and its application in energy storage devices. Herein, a general introduction, discussion about crystal structure, and syntheses of a variety of nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanotubes, carambola shaped, etc. are summarized. The energy storage application of VO₂ nanostructure and its composites are also described in detail and categorically, e.g. Li-ion battery, Na-ion battery, and supercapacitors. The current status and challenges associated with VO₂ nanostructures are reported. Finally, light has been shed for the overall performance improvement of VO₂ nanostructure as potential electrode material for future application.