表观遗传学
组蛋白
DNA甲基化
生物
染色质
疾病
口腔微生物群
遗传学
生物信息学
计算生物学
医学
基因
基因表达
微生物群
病理
作者
Simon A. Fox,Lalima Tiwari,Camile S. Farah
出处
期刊:Elsevier eBooks
[Elsevier]
日期:2020-01-01
卷期号:: 163-206
被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-813762-8.00007-4
摘要
Recent advances in molecular cell biology have demonstrated that there are additional levels of complexity beyond changes in DNA sequence whereby epigenetic mechanisms have extensive effects on gene transcription and function through modifications of DNA, histones, and chromatin structure. These mechanisms have a critical role in cellular and organismal development and have led to a profound change in our understanding of these processes and their aberrations in disease. The epigenetic mechanisms which have been studied most intensively in medicine and oral health are DNA methylation and covalent modification of histone proteins although our understanding of their biology and regulation is incomplete. In oral health, the most research evidence has been reported for the impact of epigenetics in craniofacial development including odontogenesis, dental caries, periodontal disease, salivary gland disease, oral mucosal lesions, orofacial pain, and most extensively malignancy. In these areas, there is significant evidence showing a role for epigenetics in disease mechanisms and consequently a prospect of intervention through epigenetic-targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the evidence to date and the prospects for future research driven by advances in technology and improved biological understanding of epigenetics.
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