Laser-induced graphene: from precursor chemistry to process control and throughput–resolution–performance trade-offs

diagnostics (time-resolved Raman/GC-MS/thermography) to capture transient intermediates; and (iii) manufacturing strategies that combine multiple wavelengths to access uncovered performance windows. By centering chemistry-morphology control within a manufacturing and process-control context, this review offers actionable design rules to translate LIG from benchtop demonstrations to robust, high-throughput devices.