A Spatially Explicit 1-km Gridded Multi-sector Carbon Emission Dataset for China (2000–2020) with an Extension to 2021–2023

Abstract Integrating carbon mitigation into territorial spatial governance can facilitate the achievement of emission reduction targets. High-resolution datasets with detailed spatiotemporal and sectoral information enable more precise and effective spatial planning and management of carbon emissions. Taking territorial space as the fundamental carrier of carbon emissions, this study constructs- differentiated spatial proxy-factor weighting layers based on the emission characteristics of different sectors. Sectoral emissions are then allocated to the corresponding territorial spaces through an iterative mapping process using these weighting layers. Based on this approach, this study develops a 1 km × 1 km gridded carbon emission dataset for China’s agriculture, mining, industry, transportation, commercial services, and residential sectors at five-year intervals from 2000 to 2020 and extends the dataset annually to 2021–2023 using 2020 as the baseline. This spatially explicit carbon emission dataset integrates comprehensive spatial coverage, sectoral detail, and high spatial resolution, providing a robust foundation for carbon management within territorial spatial governance and supporting the formulation of spatial planning strategies for emission reduction.