ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERY

The rapid growth in renewable energy generation has created an urgent need for reliable and large-scale energy storage systems. Among various electrochemical storage technologies, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their long cycle life, flexible design, and environmental compatibility. In this work, the performance of a laboratory-scale single-cell vanadium redox flow battery was systematically investigated. Vanadium electrolyte was prepared using vanadyl sulfate hydrate in sulfuric acid medium, and carbon felt electrodes were thermally treated to enhance electrochemical activity. The assembled VRFB cell was evaluated through multiple charge–discharge cycles at different current densities. Key performance parameters such as voltage profile, coulombic efficiency, and voltage efficiency were analyzed. The results demonstrate that electrode surface modification and optimized operating conditions significantly improve battery performance.