Controlled release system of pesticide nanoparticles based on intelligent response: current status and development trend

Nanopesticides have emerged as a promising strategy to improve pest management in plant cultivation. Conventional pesticide overuse often causes environmental contamination, pest resistance, and harmful residues in edible plant tissues, thereby threatening food safety and crop yield. In contrast, smart and responsive nanopesticide systems enable targeted release in the rhizosphere or phyllosphere, enhance pesticide utilization efficiency, and markedly lower residue accumulation. Building on these advantages, nanopesticide delivery systems are designed to provide sustained pest control during cultivation while minimizing pesticide residues. This review summarizes the main types of nanopesticide delivery systems, highlighting carrier materials and preparation methods, and discusses recent advances in their development. Particular attention is given to emerging trends in system design and their application for pest and disease management in plant cultivation. Despite the considerable potential of these systems, challenges remain regarding stability, environmental compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Future research should focus on improving the efficiency, controllability, and affordability of nanopesticide formulations. Addressing these issues will accelerate their transition from laboratory exploration to practical application. Ultimately, nanopesticides hold great promise as sustainable solutions to enhance the safety of plant cultivation and ensure high-quality crop production.