Enhanced Gamma Radiation Shielding of Polyester Composites Reinforced With the Recycled Tungsten Oxide and Their Structural, Thermal Characteristics

ABSTRACT While precise data are lacking, it is estimated that thousands of tons of tungsten waste are generated globally each year, highlighting the need for efficient utilization and recycling. Recycling tungsten lowers costs, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes environmental impact compared to primary mining. Using recycled tungsten carbide waste in gamma radiation shielding materials offers both environmental and economic advantages. This study investigates the gamma‐ray shielding performance of recycled tungsten oxide/polyester (WO‐PEs) composites, focusing on the impact of tungsten oxide content on structural and shielding characteristics. XRD results showed that higher tungsten oxide content enhanced the crystallinity of the polyester matrix. FTIR and Raman spectra confirmed successful integration of tungsten oxide into the composite structure. Gamma‐ray shielding performance was evaluated at 662 keV by measuring the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), and half‐value layer. The highest attenuation was achieved with the composite containing 50% tungsten oxide. Comparisons with conventional materials demonstrated the potential of WO‐PEs as an effective and economical shielding alternative. Theoretical LAC and MAC values calculated with XCOM software supported experimental results, although slight discrepancies appeared at higher gamma‐ray energies.