SPECT/CT in Pleuroperitoneal Fistula Associated With Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract Pleuroperitoneal fistula is a rare entity found in approximately 1.6% of patients with peritoneal dialysis. The pathophysiology is unknown, and it is usually associated with increased abdominal pressure. Upon pleural fluid analysis, a transudate with elevated glucose concentration is found, and the patients present with acute dyspnea, cough, and decrease in the ultrafiltration rate. We present the case of an 81-year-old woman with history of peritoneal dialysis presenting with recurrent pleural effusion. A peritoneal scintigraphy with 99m Tc was performed confirming the diagnosis of pleuroperitoneal fistula.