Characterization of biomaterials with reference to biocompatibility dedicated for patient-specific finger implants

Purpose The research was focused on determining basic mechanical properties, surface and phase structure taking into consideration basic cytotoxicity analysis towards human cells. Methods Biological tests were performed on human C-12302 fibroblasts cells using 3D-printed Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti64), produced by laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) and Alumina Toughened Zirconia 20 (ATZ20), produced by lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM). Surface modifications included electropolishing, and hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite/zinc coating. Structure analysis was carried out using a variety of techniques such as X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), followed by mechanical properties evaluation using nanoindentation testing. Results Samples subjected to surface modifications showed diversity among surface and phase structure and mechanical properties. However, the cytotoxicity towards tested cells was not significantly higher than the control. Though, a trend was noted among the materials analysed, indicating that HAp/Zn coating on Ti64 and ATZ20 resulted in the best biological performance Conclusions Hydroxyapatite coating on Ti64 and ATZ20 resulted in the best biological properties. Tested materials are suitable for in vivo toxicity testing.