Contributing to Coherent Area-Based Management Tool (ABMT) Networks in ABNJ: A Comparative Analysis of the BBNJ Agreement and ISA ABMT Processes

Abstract Against the backdrop of the United Nation’s recent adoption of the ‘ BBNJ Agreement’ and the spotlight on the International Seabed Authority ( ISA ) regarding deep seabed mining, this article analyses area-based management tool ( ABMT ) provisions and processes under the BBNJ Agreement and ISA , using the draft Regional Environmental Management Plan for the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a specific example. It explores potential interactions between the BBNJ Agreement and the ISA , and compares their ABMT processes, to understand how they could contribute to creating coherent ABMT networks in areas beyond national jurisdiction. It considers how the BBNJ Agreement’s objective for international cooperation and coordination with other instruments, frameworks, and bodies is envisaged, and could practically play out with the ISA , particularly in light of its ‘not undermine’ obligation. It suggests improvements to the ISA ABMT processes, based on the standards and procedures set by the BBNJ Agreement.