S100P is a ferroptosis suppressor to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma development by rewiring lipid metabolism

Ferroptosis is a newly identified programmed cell death induced by iron-driven lipid peroxidation and implicated as a potential approach for tumor treatment. However, emerging evidence indicates that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are generally resistant to ferroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, our study confirms that S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P), which is significantly up-regulated in ferroptosis-resistant HCC cells, efficiently inhibits ferroptosis. Mechanistically, S100P facilitates lysosomal degradation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1), which is indispensable for de novo biosynthesis of lipids. Loss of S100P elevates the expression of ACC1 and promotes ferroptotic sensitivity of HCC cells. S100P-mediated ACC1 degradation relies on RAB5C, which directs ACC1 to lysosome via P62-dependent selective autophagy. Knockdown of RAB5C or P62 abrogates S100P-induced lysosomal degradation of ACC1 and restores resistance of HCC cells to ferroptosis. Our work reveals an alternative anti-ferroptosis pathway and suggests S100P as a promising druggable target for ferroptosis-related therapy of HCC.