Review of CeO2 Nanostructure/Carbon Composite Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment

This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in cerium dioxide (CeO2) and carbon-based nanocomposite catalysts, focusing on their potential applications in environmental catalysis and wastewater treatment. First, the unique structural and chemical characteristics of CeO2 and carbon materials are discussed. CeO2 is noted for its distinctive redox properties and abundant oxygen vacancies at the nanoscale, while carbon materials are recognized for their high surface area and excellent chemical stability, which are enhanced by their nanostructured forms. These properties synergistically improve the pollutant degradation efficiency when combined in composite materials. Subsequently, the review explores key synthesis methods, including hydrothermal, sol–gel, and in situ techniques, analyzing their roles in controlling the morphology and catalytic activity of the composites at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the applications of CeO2/carbon nanocomposites in removing complex contaminants─such as dyes, pharmaceutical residues, and heavy-metal ions─are discussed in detail, highlighting their potential in improving the efficiency of industrial wastewater treatment. In conclusion, these composite catalysts, with their nanoscale-enhanced properties, exhibit excellent environmental compatibility and reusability, providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of efficient and sustainable catalytic materials in the future.