Natural, safety immunomodulatory derivatives of lactobacillus biofilms promote diabetic wound healing by metabolically regulating macrophage phenotype and alleviating local inflammation

The LBDs retains most bioactive components of the LB. As a natural, safe and immunomodulatory agent, LBDs promote diabetic wound healing by metabolically reprogramming macrophage phenotypes and improving the local immune microenvironment, offering promising potential for regenerative applications in diabetic wound management.