Manganese-based nanoadjuvants for the synergistic enhancement of immune responses in breast cancer therapy via disulfidptosis-induced ICD and cGAS-STING activation

, BMP-Au orchestrates a cascade catalytic reaction that generates reactive oxygen species from glucose. This process not only initiates disulfidptosis but also leads to DNA fragmentation crucial for activating the cGAS-STING pathway. These concurrent mechanisms compromise cancer cell viability while significantly enhancing tumor immunogenicity, positioning BMP-Au as an innovative nanoadjuvant for cancer treatment that leverages both cellular stress mechanisms and immune activation.