Optimal Observation Intervals for Clock Prediction Based on the Mathematical Model Method

In this paper, we derive the optimal observation intervals for the prediction of cesium and hydrogen maser atomic clocks based on the mathematical model method. The theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments are based on a linear model for cesium clocks and on a quadratic model for hydrogen masers. The results are supported by numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The experimental measurements are the time deviations of the cesium clock Cs2142 and the hydrogen maser Hm4926 at the National Time Service Center of China with respect to International Atomic Time.