Loss of the mitochondrial Hsp70 functions causes aggregation of mitochondria in yeast cells

Ssc1p, a member of the Hsp70 family in the mitochondrial matrix of budding yeast, mediates protein import into mitochondria and prevents irreversible aggregation of proteins in the mitochondrial matrix during folding/assembly or at elevated temperature. Here, we show that functional inactivation of the mitochondrial Hsp70 system causes aggregation of mitochondria. When temperature-sensitive mitochondrial Hsp70 mutant cells were incubated at restrictive temperature, a tubular network of mitochondria was collapsed to form aggregates. Inhibition of protein synthesis in the cytosol did not suppress the mitochondrial aggregation and functional impairment of Tim23, a subunit of mitochondrial protein translocator in the inner membrane, did not cause mitochondrial aggregation. Therefore defects of the Hsp70 function in protein import into mitochondria or resulting accumulation of precursor forms of mitochondrial proteins outside the mitochondria are not the causal reason for the aberrant mitochondrial morphology. By contrast, deletion of Mdj1p, a functional partner for mitochondrial Hsp70 in prevention of irreversible protein aggregation in the matrix, but not in protein import into mitochondria, caused aggregation of mitochondria, which was enhanced at elevated temperature (37 degrees C). The aggregation of mitochondria at 37 degrees C was reversed when the temperature was lowered to 23 degrees C unless protein synthesis was blocked. On the basis of these results, we propose that the mitochondrial matrix contains a protein that is responsible for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and requires mitochondrial Hsp70 for its function.