The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and the size distribution and Zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering technique. The results showed that the size distribution of chitosan nanoparticles was from unimodal to bimodal with the TPP content decreasing and it indicated that the aggregation effect between nanoparticles was caused by the TPP content decreasing. The Zeta potential reduced gradually with the TPP content decreased. This was because more NH3+ions on the surface of chitosan nanoparticles neutralized triphosphoric groups for TPP content increasing.