This paper selected guaiacol,one model compound of lignin,as the target compound to study the degradation of guaiacol by UV/Fenton and Fenton processes.With the help of guaiacol UV-visible spectrum changes,comparison of guaiacol removal rate and mineralization rate,the degradation mechanism of guaiacol by UV/Fenton and Fenton processes treatment was discussed.The experimental results showed that UV/Fenton and Fenton processes are not simply free radical reactions.Fe2+ and H2O2 can generate high iron complexes.The guaiacol is degraded with the electron transfer of complexes.