Differential proteomics for rice under stress is to compare proteomic expression in rice samples under normal and stress conditions to identify and analyze these proteins' function,and to reveal the molecular mechanism of rice response to stress.This paper introduces the differential proteomics' situation,and summarizes recent progress in proteomics under stress,such as drought,high temperature,pests and diseases,and points out that the next step is to study the post-translational modification of proteins and the interaction of proteins and signal molecules,and emphasizes that only integrating the proteomics with genomics and transcriptomics can reveal the molecular mechanism of rice response to stress.