Corticosteroid-eluting implants for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps

Topical corticosteroid therapies are the most popular prescribed medications for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). While topical corticosteroids effectively reduce the inflammatory burden associated with CRS, their distribution inside the nasal cavity is limited and primarily dependent on their delivery device. Corticosteroid-eluting implants serve as relatively novel technology, allowing targeted, sustained release of a high concentration of corticosteroids directly onto the sinus mucosa. Three types of corticosteroid-eluting implants can be characterized: 1. intraoperatively inserted corticosteroid-eluting sinus implants, 2. postoperatively inserted, office-based corticosteroid-eluting sinus implants, and 3. office-based corticosteroid-eluting implants for naïve paranasal sinuses.The review summarizes the different steroid-eluting sinus implants, their indications for use in CRS patients, and the existing evidence regarding their clinical efficacy. We also highlight potential areas for improvement and development.Corticosteroid-eluting sinus implants highlight an evolving field that is constantly investigating and adding new treatment options to the market. Presently, corticosteroid-eluting implants for CRS are most commonly applied intraoperatively and postoperatively with endoscopic sinus surgery, providing significant improvements in mucosal healing and reducing the amount of surgical failures. Future development around corticosteroid-eluting implants should focus on strategies to reduce the amount of crusting around the implants.