Digital health interventions to treat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: An umbrella review

Digital health interventions can support the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, yet primary research and systematic reviews leave uncertain evidence. In this umbrella review of reviews and meta-analyses, we methodologically appraise and investigate the effects of digital health interventions used to manage overweight and obesity in children. Systematic searches were conducted in July 2023 in Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Epistemonikos and Web of Science (Core Collection). Reports on experiences and/or effectiveness of digital health interventions aimed at treating children with overweight or obesity aged 0 to 19 years and/or their parents were eligible for inclusion. Screening, data extraction, and methodological appraisal were conducted in blinded pairs of researchers. In total, the searches identified 2927 citations, of which 16 reviews and 10 meta-analyses, reporting on 162 distinct primary studies, were included. Effects on anthropometric measures of all digital health interventions were small when analyzing BMI and BMI-z-scores combined. Future research should strive to conduct more homogeneous and solid research, employing robust designs, standardized outcomes, and a longer follow-up time. Designing digital health interventions for the future should to a larger extent include end-users to ensure usability and relevance for the population, adding significance to the interventions that are evaluated.