The Role of Yeast Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Conditions: An Overview

The human gut is home to a variety of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, eukaryotes, and archaea, which together form a complex structure. In general, the microbiota that colonizes the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a significant role in maintaining human health and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of GI illnesses. The structural integrity and metabolic processes of the alimentary canal are physiologically influenced by the dynamic interactions between the gut and bacteria. GI dysbiosis is a result of an imbalance brought on by a decline in microbial diversity, the loss of helpful bacteria, and an increase in pathobionts. It is crucial to restoring the gut microbiota. In order to regain the eubiotic state of the microbial flora, varied methods are being researched and implemented. The use of probiotics is one strategy for re-establishing healthy gut flora. Probiotics are “living microorganisms” that improve the health of the host when provided in adequate quantities. There are two types of probiotics—bacteria and yeast-based. The review will look at and summarize the information for yeast-based Saccharomyces probiotics regarding their effectiveness and safety in treating a variety of patient diseases, particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and Heliobacter pylori (HpSA) infection. The only commercially accessible yeast probiotic, the Saccharomyces strain, which consists of Saccharomyces cerevisae (S. cerevisiae) and Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb), provides a number of benefits over bacterial probiotics. The significance of Sb as a potent biotherapeutic medication that may be utilized to prevent or treat a variety of GI disorders has been substantiated by several experimental studies and clinical trials.