Investigation of boron nanosized particles prepared with various surfactants and chitosan in terms of physical stability and cell viability

Nanosuspensions (NS) are one of the new generation drug carrier forms developed to overcome the deficiencies of drugs with poor water solubility or insolubility and are considered to be one of the most successful approaches to formulate compounds in recent years. Boron nitride (BN) is insoluble in water and chemically more stable than carbon, it offers better biological superiority although the application of carbon structures in the biomedical field has increased in recent years. Chitosan is a polymer with excellent processability and biocompatibility thanks to its high dielectric constant. In addition, chitosan has a high affinity for metal ions. This study aims to combine BN and chitosan, which have unique properties, using six different surfactants, and to investigate their long-term stability for the use of both in medicine. In this direction, 24 different BN NS formulations were prepared. The 6th and 12th months' stability of these formulations were studied at +25 °C, 60% relative humidity, and +4 °C. Also, the prepared formulations were evaluated by cell viability test and examined in terms of toxicity. FTIR spectra of the formulations were taken and their morphologies were characterized by SEM. Prepared NSs with Poloxamer 407 + Tween (N1 - N6) were found to be the most stable formulations for 6 and 12 months both at +4 °C and +25 °C. The fact that BN has a negative zeta potential and chitosan has a high positive zeta potential in formulations is very important in terms of their potential antimicrobial activities. The low cellular toxicity of BN NSs, especially chitosan-coated BN NSs, at higher concentrations shows that they have enormous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with boron-based compounds in the future.