材料科学
插层(化学)
假电容
阳极
兴奋剂
扩散
纳米结构
密度泛函理论
阴极
化学工程
纳米技术
电化学
无机化学
超级电容器
物理化学
化学
电极
光电子学
计算化学
热力学
工程类
物理
作者
Enzhi Li,Mingshan Wang,Xi Hu,Simin Huang,Zhenliang Yang,Junchen Chen,Bo Yu,Bingshu Guo,Zhiyuan Ma,Yun Huang,Guozhong Cao,Xing Li
出处
期刊:Small
[Wiley]
日期:2023-12-15
标识
DOI:10.1002/smll.202308630
摘要
Abstract Sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have attracted much attention due to integrating the high energy density of battery and high out power of supercapacitors. However, rapid Na + diffusion kinetics in cathode is counterbalanced with sluggish anode, hindering the further advancement and commercialization of SIHCs. Here, aiming at conversion‐type metal sulfide anode, taking typical VS 2 as an example, a comprehensive regulation of nanostructure and electronic properties through NH 4 + pre‐intercalation and Mo‐doping VS 2 (Mo‐NVS 2 ) is reported. It is demonstrated that NH 4 + pre‐intercalation can enlarge the interplanar spacing and Mo‐doping can induce interlayer defects and sulfur vacancies that are favorable to construct new ion transport channels, thus resulting in significantly enhanced Na + diffusion kinetics and pseudocapacitance. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the introduction of NH 4 + and Mo‐doping enhances the electronic conductivity, lowers the diffusion energy barrier of Na + , and produces stronger d‐p hybridization to promote conversion kinetics of Na + intercalation intermediates. Consequently, Mo‐NVS 2 delivers a record‐high reversible capacity of 453 mAh g −1 at 3 A g −1 and an ultra‐stable cycle life of over 20 000 cycles. The assembled SIHCs achieve impressive energy density/power density of 98 Wh kg −1 /11.84 kW kg −1 , ultralong cycling life of over 15000 cycles, and very low self‐discharge rate (0.84 mV h −1 ).
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