Toward mobility of solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, emerging as potential alternatives to low-temperature fuel cells for mobile applications owing to their wide fuel flexibility and high efficiency. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the progress achieved thus far and the challenges faced in transitioning from stationary to mobility sectors. Three pivotal aspects are highlighted across different levels: enhancing fuel tolerance and flexibility at the anode level, achieving rapid start-up at the cell level, and realizing compact integration at the stack level. This review can lay a theoretical foundation for the development of SOFC systems tailored to unique requirements, such as high power density and rapid start-up, crucial for mobile applications. This review will facilitate commercial breakthroughs and advances in the mobility of SOFCs, which holds substantial strategic importance.