Metal-free graphdiyne doped with sp-hybridized boron and nitrogen atoms at acetylenic sites for high-efficiency electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 and C2H4

By carefully controlling the kinds and sites of the B or N dopant, graphdiyne can be utilized as a metal-free electrocatalyst with high-efficiency and high selectivity for CO₂ reduction to C1 and C2 products.