Oxime hydrogels with ultrafast, pH-independent gelation for robust and adaptive vascular embolization

models confirm precise, coagulation-independent occlusion without premature gelation or ectopic embolism. By penetrating vessels down to approximately 20 µm in diameter, the hydrogel enables distal microvascular embolization alongside stable proximal occlusion. This hydrogel system shows great promise for embolization therapy and other biomedical applications requiring rapid and spatially controlled solidification under dynamic physiological conditions.