Exploring multi-omics approaches in (poly)phenol research for precision nutrition

Multi-omics approaches are gaining importance across numerous research fields, including nutritional studies on (poly)phenols (PPs), plant bioactive compounds with recognised health benefits but still unclear mechanisms of action. To date, most PP investigations have focused on mono- or dual-omics analyses; however, integrating multiple omics layers is crucial to fully elucidate their biological and mechanistic effects. This review outlines current omics strategies and their integration in PP research, emphasizing how these approaches can help improving our understanding and lead to more efficient applications. Furthermore, we report the growing importance of integrative multi-omics approaches in nutritional research, with particular regard to the inter-individual variability in PP metabolism. Finally, we discuss the pivotal role of these approaches in precision nutrition, providing insights on how integrative multi-omics approaches may enhance tailored nutritional interventions and unlock new possibilities to foster human health.