Perspectives for electromagnetic wave absorption with graphene

Graphene-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials have become a focus of scientific research as the demand for addressing the adverse electromagnetic radiation or pollution. Furthermore, graphene-based EMW absorbers promise richer application scenarios than other carbon materials due to graphene's low density, high electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. Consequently, a summary of relevant studies is required. Simultaneously, the functionalities of graphene materials need to be clarified and the importance of graphene materials needs to be emphasized. This work summarizes the research progress of structural optimization strategies of graphene-based EMW absorbing materials from the micro and macro perspectives. The general EMW absorption mechanism is first briefly explained, and the effects of microstructure, components, and varies of loss mechanisms on the EMW absorbing performance of graphene-based EMW absorbing materials are discussed, in particular, the differences in electromagnetic parameters and absorbing properties caused by anisotropic structures are summarized. Finally, the outlook regarding the research focus and development direction of graphene-based EMW absorbing materials is proposed.