Genicular artery embolization as a treatment for refractory osteoarthritis related knee pain

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive outpatient therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) related knee pain, refractory to conservative management. This intervention targets neovasculature which arises in the setting of angiogenesis in OA. Various clinical trials highlighted in this manuscript suggest that GAE is effective in durably reducing OA-related knee pain, with a limited adverse event profile. This review also explores the clinical evaluation of GAE candidates, genicular artery anatomy, technical components of the procedure, and imaging from various GAE embolizations. It also discusses future directions for research which may illuminate predictors of clinical success as well as avenues for evolution in the GAE treatment.