医学
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
2019-20冠状病毒爆发
优势比
置信区间
流行病学
环境卫生
大流行
病例对照研究
风险因素
人口学
作者
Florence Poizeau,Emmanuel Oger,Sébastien Barbarot,Yannick Le Corre,Mahtab Samimi,Emilie Brenaut,Hélène Aubert,Estel Chambrelan,Catherine Droitcourt,Valérie Gissot,Christopher Heslan,C. Laurent,Ludovic Martin,Laurent Misery,Pierre Tattevin,Alexis Toubel,Vincent Thibault,Alain Dupuy
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.032
摘要
OBJECTIVES: During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous cases of chilblains have been reported. However, in most cases, RT-PCR or serology did not confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hypotheses have been raised about an interferon-mediated immunological response to SARS-CoV-2, leading to effective clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 without the involvement of humoral immunity. Our objective was to explore the association between chilblains and exposure to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: In this multicentre case-control study, cases were the 102 individuals referred to 5 referral hospitals for chilblains occurring during the first lockdown (March to May 2020). Controls were recruited from healthy volunteers’ files held by the same hospitals. All members of their households were included, resulting in 77 case households (262 individuals) and 74 control households (230 individuals). Household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the first lockdown was categorized as high, intermediate or low, using a pre-established algorithm based on individual data on symptoms, high-risk contacts, activities outside the home and RT-PCR testing. Participants were offered a SARS-CoV-2 serological test. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, the association between chilblains and viral exposure was estimated at OR=3.3, 95%CI (1.4-7.3) for an intermediate household exposure, and 6.9 (2.5-19.5) for a high household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Out of 57 case households tested, 6 (11%) had positive serology for SARS-CoV-2, whereas all control households tested (n=50) were seronegative (p=0.03). The effect of potential misclassification on exposure has been assessed in a bias analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study demonstrates the association between chilblains occurring during the lockdown and household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04455308.
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