Dust acoustic solitons with generalized polarization force between negative dust and Cairns ions

This study investigates dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in a space plasma composed of negatively charged dust grains, Cairns-Tsallis distributed electrons, and Cairns-distributed ions. The generalized polarization force (PF) arising from the interaction between negative dust particles and nonthermal ions is examined. Using the reductive perturbation method, the dynamics of the DAWs are described by a KortewegCde Vries equation, from which both single- and two-soliton solutions are derived. The two-soliton interactions and resulting phase shifts are analyzed via Hirota's bilinear method. Key findings indicate that the PF parameter decreases significantly with increasing nonthermality and decreases moderately with decreasing nonextensivity. Furthermore, the phase shifts of colliding solitons decrease with higher nonextensivity and increase with greater nonthermality. These results provide valuable insights into wave propagation and soliton behavior in mesospheric plasmas.