Granular Histiocytosis of Pelvic Lymph Nodes following Total Hip Arthroplasty. The Presence of Wear Debris, Cytokine Production, and Immunologically Activated Macrophages*

Additions improvements in total joint replacement will be facilitated by a more thorough understanding of the biological response to the components and materials of implants. While local biological factors leading to failure of prostheses are currently under intense investigation, the mechanisms and importance of regional and systemic immune responses to wear debris require further study.