RNA聚合酶Ⅱ
抄写(语言学)
生物
分子生物学
核糖核酸
RNA聚合酶
聚合酶
基因
信使核糖核酸
遗传学
基因表达
发起人
语言学
哲学
出处
期刊:Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences
[The Japan Academy]
日期:2015-01-01
卷期号:91 (8): 394-409
被引量:132
摘要
Terminal structure analysis of an insect cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) genome RNA in the early 1970s at the National Institute of Genetics in Japan yielded a 2'-O-methylated nucleotide in the 5' end of double-stranded RNA genome. This finding prompted me to add S-adenosyl-L-methionine, a natural methylation donor, to the in vitro transcription reaction of viruses that contain RNA polymerase. This effort resulted in unprecedented mRNA synthesis that generates a unique blocked and methylated 5' terminal structure (referred later to as "cap" or "m(7)G-cap") in the transcription of silkworm CPV and human reovirus and vaccinia viruses that contain RNA polymerase in virus particles. Initial studies with viruses paved the way to discover the 5'-cap m(7)GpppNm structure present generally in cellular mRNAs of eukaryotes. I participated in those studies and was able to explain the pathway of cap synthesis and the significance of the 5' cap (and capping) in gene expression processes, including transcription and protein synthesis. In this review article I concentrate on the description of these initial studies that eventually led us to a new paradigm of mRNA capping.
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