[Can tumor vaccines really cure liver cancer?]

In China, the incidence of liver cancer remains high. Approximately 80% of diagnosed patients are in the intermediate and advanced stages, with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis after surgery. Therefore, substantially reducing the incidence and mortality has always been a major clinical challenge for liver cancer. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy represented by programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody is gradually innovating the traditional paradigm of tumor treatment, but the beneficiary population in liver cancer patients is relatively limited. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, proteomics and immunomics and other fields, the demand for precision medicine continues to increase. Tumor vaccines, especially derived from neoantigens, have shown promising therapeutic effects in malignant solid tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer due to their immunogenicity. Combining the latest research reports at home and abroad, this paper emphasis on whether tumor vaccines can effectively treat or even cure liver cancer.中国肝癌发病率居高不下，患者被诊断时近80%是中晚期，且肝癌术后复发率高、预后差，显著降低肝癌的发病率和病死率一直是临床的重大挑战。近年来，以程序性死亡蛋白1（PD-1）抗体为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂疗法，正在逐步革新肿瘤治疗的传统范式，但在肝癌患者中受益群体相对有限。随着高通量测序，蛋白组学及免疫组学等领域的快速发展，个体化精准医疗的需求不断提高，肿瘤疫苗，尤其是新生抗原来源的肿瘤疫苗由于具有高度的免疫原性，已经在黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌等恶性实体瘤中展现了很好的治疗效果。现结合国内外最新的研究报道，重点探讨肿瘤疫苗是否可以有效治疗甚至治愈肝癌。.