Steps towards the clinical application of endometrial and menstrual fluid mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of gynecological disorders

eMSCs and MenSCs from a homologous tissue source have the potential to promote regenerative activity as a treatment for gynecological diseases. Both eMSCs and MenSCs demonstrate therapeutic benefits through their paracrine activity in tissue regeneration, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and mitigating fibrosis. Further research is essential to establish standardized isolation and characterization protocols, particularly for heterogeneous MenSCs, and to fully understand their mechanisms of action. Implementing SUSD2 magnetic bead sorting for purifying eMSCs from endometrial tissues and menstrual fluid is crucial for their use in future cell-based therapies. Optimization of production, storage, and delivery methods will maximize their therapeutic effectiveness.