Synergistic adsorption-photocatalysis via rGO-mediated electron shuttling in ultrasonically synthesized NiO/g-C 3 N 4 -based ternary nanocomposites for Safranin O removal

non-adsorptive controls. The hybrid maintained 92% efficiency over 5 cycles and exhibited outstanding performance even in the presence of coexisting species (NaCl and SDS surfactant), highlighting its practical robustness.